• Similarly to the chemokine CCL the level of the

  2021-05-10

  

  Similarly to the chemokine CCL-5, the level of the chemokine SDF-1 in the groups of individuals with APD did not differ from its level in the control group. However, a slight increase in the level of this chemokine was recorded in the group of women and men with APD and PTSD as compared with the cor

• br Role of CRF receptors in the BNST in

  2021-05-10

  

  Role of CRF1 receptors in the BNST in stress-induced relapse to cocaine seeking The seminal work of Stewart and co-workers [19] showed that rats that have extinguished their auto-administration of different drugs of abuse relapse to drug-seeking behaviour when exposed to footshock, even after a 4

• br Methods br Results Our study focused

  2021-05-08

  

  Methods Results Our study focused on consecutive postural adjustments (CPAs) between IS and BS (the shaded areas on Fig. 2); that is to say, the Rx kinetics that occur after the end of an upper limb movement. It was dedicated to examining the main features of CPAs and the influence of movement

• br Outcome of COX overexpression Although a causal

  2021-05-08

  

  Outcome of COX-2 overexpression Although a causal role for COX-2 has been proposed, mechanisms by which COX-2 function contributes to the pathogenesis of hyperplastic disease are not well defined. To examine if there is any correlation between COX-2 and p53 protein levels, Kumagai et al. [15] rec

• Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Hydroxylation

  2021-05-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Hydroxylation of proline in bacterial ci-1033 mg is one of the oxygen-requiring metabolic reactions, which needs efficient oxygen. Oxygen supply is always a rate-limiting step for tyrosinase production even though pure oxygen is purged in a bioreactor

• The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for

  2021-05-08

  

  The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results

• We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms

  2021-05-08

  

  We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the synergistic action of IL-23 and PGE2 and found that this action is mediated by not only STAT3 but also CREB1 and NF-κB. Involvement of CREB1 is analogous to that in the PGE2-EP2/EP4–mediated Il12rb2 induction during TH1 cell different

• Immature and mature B cells adapt differently to

  2021-05-08

  

  Immature and mature hmg-coa reductase adapt differently to signal transduction via BCR [2]. This functional dichotomy is also regulated by noncytokine substances in the surroundings of mature and immature B lymphocytes, such as the prostanoid family of lipid mediators including PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, P

• Information on the mechanism by

  2021-05-08

  

  Information on the mechanism by which parasite infections promote ECM degradation is limited (McKerrow et al., 1983; Andrade, 1994; Lu and Lai, 2013; Thibeaux et al., 2014). The interaction of plasminogen-plasmin with proteins of microorganisms, including bacteria, has been suggested to play a key r

• The UPR is composed of three different pathways that

  2021-05-08

  

  The UPR is composed of three different pathways that fall under the control of three respective ER transmembrane proteins: PERK, IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α) and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). As a starting signal for the UPR, misfolded proteins induce the release of GRP78 from th

• CCR is another chemokine receptor that is upregulated

  2021-05-08

  

  CCR7 is another chemokine receptor that is upregulated in CLL [3], [61], [71], [96] and is believed to play a role in enabling cell entry into lymph nodes [97]. Higher mRNA and protein expression of CCR7 has been observed in unmutated compared to mutated IGHV CLL [46] and increased expression has be

• br Expression data suggest involvement of additional TRIMs i

  2021-05-08

  

  Expression data suggest involvement of additional TRIMs in heart function Given the complexity of the cardiac function, involved molecular pathways and processes, and the fact that only a few of the TRIMs have thus far been shown to have a cardiac role, we hypothesized that there would be more TR

• The mesolimbic dopamine system is

  2021-05-08

  

  The mesolimbic dopamine system is believed to be highly important for evaluating environmental stimuli in order to generate an adaptive behavioral response. Thus, not surprisingly these functions appear to have been highly conserved across the vertebrate subphylum. Even though teleost fish lack midb

• Numerous studies have pointed to the DGAT reaction

  2021-05-08

  

  Numerous studies have pointed to the DGAT reaction being critical for TAG assembly and in several cases it has been shown to limit carbon flux from lipid precursors towards TAG accumulation [12]. Thus, in Brassica napus, the DGAT substrate, diacylglycerol (DAG), accumulates during periods of rapid l

• DDR was originally cloned by the group of

  2021-05-08

  

  DDR1 was originally cloned by the group of Michele de Luca, at the time named TrkE. The Genoa-based research team identified the skin, and the keratinocytes in particular, as a major site of DDR1-binding activity [20]. DDR1 is also expressed in kidney, liver and lung (Fig. 2). The functional role of

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