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In order to test the influence of the
2022-08-09
In order to test the influence of the initial depolarization, experiments were performed, where the degree of chloride substitution was varied, either by adding n-Ringer to SM-164 incubated in a sucrose Ringer or by suspending the cells directly in Ringers identical to the final composition in the f
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The effect of GC on Fgf was not directly
2022-08-08
The effect of GC on Fgf21 was not directly dependent on ileal Fgf15 because basal Fgf21 mmae was similar in Fgf15+/+ and Fgf15−/− mice. Moreover, GC treatment induced similar Fgf21 up-regulation in both strains. Fxr activation has been reported to increase Fgf21 expression and secretion [28]. In mi
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br The signal of ferroptosis ROS generated
2022-08-08
The signal of ferroptosis ROS generated by extracellular or intracellular stimuli play a fundamental role in cell and tissue injury in a variety of disease states [47]. Ferroptosis is generally considered as a type of ROS-dependent regulated necrosis [48]. Intracellular iron accumulation and lipi
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The cortical actin filaments are arranged in a network abuti
2022-08-08
The cortical tbtu filaments are arranged in a network abuting the plasma membrane with a thickness of ∼190nm in living cells, that displays highly dynamic behaviors 15, 16, 17. Technical challenges, however, have hampered investigation of the detailed function dynamic interactions between the cortic
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Histamine H and H receptors are considered as low affinity
2022-08-08
Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are considered as low affinity receptors (pKi of 4.2 and 4.3 respectively), whereas histamine H3 and H4 receptors as a high affinity receptors (pKi of 8 and 8.2 respectively) (Schreeb et al., 2013). Therefore it might well be that other histamine receptors might be invo
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Sometime ago we have described diamino triazines as histamin
2022-08-08
Sometime ago we have described diamino-1,3,5-triazines as histamine H4R ligands,12, 13 and aryl derivatives of the 1,3,5-triazine, which attenuated inflammatory and nociceptive response in vivo in the rodent models of inflammation induced by N6022 synthesis and zymosan. In this work we describe new
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br Introduction Coat colors are determined
2022-08-05
Introduction Coat colors are determined by both genetics and environment, especially genetics. The phenotype of coat color of animals depends on two types of melanin, black to brown eumelanin and yellow to reddish brown pheomelanin produced in mammalian melanocyte (Ito et al., 2000; Ito and Wakam
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br Acknowledgement br Introduction Malignant melanoma is an
2022-08-05
Acknowledgement Introduction Malignant melanoma is an aggressive and highly metastatic cancer. The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing all over the world, and the population of patients with advanced melanoma is growing [1], [2]. Malignant melanoma is often resistant to conventional
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br Ketone body metabolism and neuronal excitability
2022-08-05
Ketone body metabolism and neuronal excitability One of the best examples of the close connection between metabolism and neuronal excitability is illustrated by the effect of ketone bodies on epileptic seizures. One third of patients suffering from epileptic seizures do not respond to conventiona
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br Action of GPR in metabolically
2022-08-05
Action of GPR55 in metabolically active tissues In addition to being highly expressed by discrete brain regions, as described in Section 2, GPR55 is also expressed in a wide range of peripheral tissues, including spleen, adrenals and bone (Sawzdargo et al., 1999, Ryberg et al., 2007, Whyte et al.
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Although glycine receptors predominate in the brain stem and
2022-08-05
Although glycine receptors predominate in the brain stem and spinal cord, they are also expressed in higher brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, and hippocampus (Jonsson et al., 2012, Jonsson et al., 2009, Molander and Söderpalm, 2005b). A variety of drugs of abuse, including
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Mast cells isolated from mice and rats are
2022-08-05
Mast β-Sitosterol isolated from mice and rats are able to take up histamine from the microenvironment (Day and Green, 1962, Cabut and Haegermark, 1966). It has been considered that the uptake of extracellular histamine into bone marrow-derived mast cell granules is mediated by two membrane transpor
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Interestingly mGlu and mGlu receptors differ
2022-08-05
Interestingly, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors differ notably by their cellular distribution. Whereas mGlu2 receptors are mostly neuronal, mGlu3 receptors are expressed both in glia and in neurons. In neurons, mGlu3 receptors are present at the post-synapse and in presynaptic elements (Tamaru et al., 2001
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pde inhibitors It is an aspiring task to
2022-08-05
It is an aspiring task to apply the glutamate biosensor for in vivo measurements in pde inhibitors tissue. Due to a relatively large size of the electrode used in this work, the biosensor fits only ex vivo applications. However, it is possible to apply platinum microelectrodes 50–100 μm in diameter
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Acknowledgments br Introduction Type diabetes mellitus
2022-08-05
Acknowledgments Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The clinical management of T2DM is achieved by controlling blood glucose levels. Current therapies available for treatment of T2DM include biguanides
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