• One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves

  2022-03-11

  

  One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves NMDA receptor activation – Ca2+ influx – protein kinase A (PKA) activation – ERK phosphorylation and subsequent synaptic plasticity (Thomas and Huganir, 2004). A few studies have also shown modulation of synaptic glutamate transporters in

• Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucago

  2022-03-10

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• Norethindrone br Materials and methods br Results and discus

  2022-03-10

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion To analyze the dependence of lysosomal exocytosis on Cu we exposed HeLa Norethindrone to fresh buffer containing normal levels of free Ca (1mM) and measured β-hex levels in the extracellular medium, followed by measuring β-hex content in the total

• glucokinase inhibitor br Effects of norepinephrine on HIV

  2022-03-10

  

  Effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection The few in vitro studies specifically examining the effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection suggest that this catecholamine can influence the HIV replication process, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Cole and colleagues found concentrations

• br Conflict of interest statement br References and recommen

  2022-03-10

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We thank Urann Chan for assistance with the figures. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of

• A more quantitative view of

  2022-03-10

  

  A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a continuum of phosphorylation rates for the various substrates of a particular kinase (Figure 4A). Such differences in ‘substrate quality’ can arise from variations in phosphorylation site or docking sequences and may explain why the timing or

• Antibiotic treatment suggests that cancer promoting bacteria

  2022-03-09

  

  Antibiotic treatment suggests that cancer-promoting bacteria arise from the Fenofibric acid synthesis of Grp109a mice. How does the lack of Gpr109a signaling lead to expansion of potentially cancer-promoting bacteria? Is this phenomenon related to improper development of intestinal Treg cells? Biom

• br Competing interests br Introduction An effective vaccine

  2022-03-09

  

  Competing interests Introduction An effective vaccine against the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still to be created, even though many strategies have already been tried [1]. Antibodies against a vaccine antigen must be either neutralizing or inducing cellular cytotoxicity [1]. It is kn

• br Methods br Results and discussion Protein analysis of

  2022-03-09

  

  Methods Results and discussion Protein analysis of commonly used cell lines (C6, D54-MG, U87, U251 and STTG1) reveals high fauc of SXC (Cho and Bannai, 1990, Ye et al., 1999, de Groot et al., 2005, Lyons et al., 2007, Savaskan et al., 2008). Since protein expression can be altered over time i

• HQNO br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-03-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects and associated mechanisms of phloroglucinol on α-glucosidase. Our results showed that phloroglucinol reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1), with the double-reciprocal plot

• Introduction Glucocorticoids are released in response to str

  2022-03-09

  

  Introduction Glucocorticoids are released in response to stress and play an important role in inflammation, cellular growth, development, body fluid homeostasis, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. However, circulating glucocorticoid excess has been associated with a classical phenotype of

• Some of the key aspects of the myofibroblasts biology

  2022-03-09

  

  Some of the key aspects of the myofibroblasts’ biology, including their signaling sensitivity and residual regenerative potential, are shaped by their origin. In this respect, lineage studies on myofibroblast precursors are critical for increasing our understanding of the natural history of fibrosi

• The significance of A and tau as therapeutic targets

  2022-03-09

  

  The significance of Aβ and tau as therapeutic targets is not only derived from pathological evidence of postmortem brain but also from biochemical analysis of cultured human neurons. This is largely based on the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology that has been established to study Aβ, t

• Earlier findings from different cancer entities such as chro

  2022-03-08

  

  Earlier findings from different cancer entities such as chronic myeloid leukemia (Yang et al., 2011), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Jantus Lewintre et al., 2009), prostate cancer (Zhu et al., 2009), epithelial ovarian cancer (Tokunaga et al., 2008), and colon cancer (Mazzoccoli et al., 2016,

• br Material and methods br Results

  2022-03-08

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Liver plays a key role in the metabolism and detoxification of DON (Peng et al., 2017). However, various DON investigations generated inconsistent results, with some showing hepatotoxicity of DON, while others not. For example, one report stated that

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