• Zn is the second most abundant trace metal

  2022-04-18

  

  Zn2+ is the second most abundant trace metal in many cells and neurons in the brain. It regulates cellular functions such as gene expression, epigenetic enzymatic activity, protein structural stability, and neuronal plasticity. Zn2+ is particularly abundant in the cortex and limbic system, including

• When taken together data suggest CRF plays a central

  2022-04-18

  

  When taken together, data suggest CRF plays a central role in linking the HPA axis, the eCB system, and the amygdala with anxiety (Hill et al., 2009, 2010a; Hillard et al., 2011). In elaborate studies in mice, Gray and colleagues (Gray et al., 2015) showed stress-associated increase in CRF concentra

• Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF

  2022-04-16

  

  Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family of neurotrophins have important modulatory roles in opioid analgesia and addiction [36]. The NGF family of neurotrophins include NGF, AS601245 derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) [37]. BDNF knockout mi

• This connection is supported by studies

  2022-04-16

  

  This connection is supported by studies in the SIV macaque model of HIV, where treatment with methamphetamine, which greatly enhances CNS dopamine levels (Truong, 2005); increased vadadustat viral load. Methamphetamine also increased expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in CNS macrophages, thereb

• br Direct effect of HDACs on contractile

  2022-04-16

  

  Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by deacetylating cytoskeletal and contractile proteins Role of HDACs in electropathology by transcriptional reprogramming Next to deacetylation of α-tubulin by HDAC6 in experimental and human AF, there is also evidence for transcriptional reprogra

• Some data also suggested that CCR

  2022-04-16

  

  Some data also suggested that CCR5Δ32 could influence the progression of HCV-related liver diseases (Goulding et al., 2005; Hellier et al., 2003; Wald et al., 2004). However, after stratifying HCV+ individuals according to clinical/histological criteria, no association of CCR5Δ32 with these HCV-rela

• br Future perspectives sGC signaling

  2022-04-16

  

  Future perspectives sGC signaling is important in the maintenance of multiple physiological functions. sGC is localized to cell membranes with both sGC Cys modifications and heme regulation identified as the crucial components in regulating sGC activity. Specifically, S-nitrosation of several com

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments

  2022-04-16

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A

• carbenoxolone mg br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases

  2022-04-16

  

  Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow

• The HIV genome encodes for a

  2022-04-16

  

  The HIV-1 genome encodes for a variety of viral proteins necessary for target cell entry and viral replication. gp120 is an HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein that mediates viral particle entry by binding to cell surface receptor CD4 and co-receptors CXCR4 and/or CCR5 depending on viral tropism. While CXCR

• One possible pathway summarizing the overall action

  2022-04-15

  

  One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves NMDA receptor activation – Ca2+ influx – protein kinase A (PKA) activation – ERK phosphorylation and subsequent synaptic plasticity (Thomas and Huganir, 2004). A few studies have also shown modulation of synaptic glutamate transporters in

• br Acknowledgement This work was supported in part by grants

  2022-04-15

  

  Acknowledgement This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad from Spain (BFU2011-23034). Introduction The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia emerged from observations in the 1960s that phencyclidine and similar psychotomimetic agents produce sc

• Moreover to evaluate the properties of immobilized glucosida

  2022-04-15

  

  Moreover, to evaluate the properties of immobilized β-glucosidase further, the anti-protease test was also carried out. The result showed that the residual activity of the β-glucosidase@ZIF-8 was higher than that of the nano-SiO2@β-glucosidase and free β-glucosidase. Because free β-glucosidase and t

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments br

  2022-04-15

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments Introduction Hedgehog (Hh) signaling controls key steps of development in most tissues and organs of invertebrates and vertebrates (Briscoe and Therond, 2013, Ingham et al., 2011, Wilson and Chuang, 2010). The unique cellular composition and mo

• dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor br Voltage dependent anion

  2022-04-15

  

  Voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous protein showing well conserved structural and functional properties in spite of major variations in its sequence (for review see [50]). Most of what we know about VDAC electrophysiological properties (for reviews, see [51], [52]) was initially

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